Что такое официальная оппозиция в великобритании на английском
Тема / Топик по английскому языку:
UK Political System
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by the Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.
The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.
The executive power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet.
The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.
The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.
There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.
Topical Vocabulary
The UK and the World. The political system of the country / Политическая система Великобритании
The United Kingdom is a political union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Nothern Ireland and several overseas territories, including Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands.
The UK is a highly developed country, a member of the Group of Eight (GE), member of the European Union (EU), is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the United Nations (UN), where it holds a permanent seat in the Security Council.
The UK has close relations with such EU nations as France and Germany, and, of course, with major Commonwealth countries (former British colonies): Singapore, South Africa, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The relations between the USA and member nations of the Commonwealth of Nations are sometimes called «the special relationship», meaning the warm political, diplomatic, historical and cultural relationship.
Britain is a parliamentary democracy what can be seen through free elections, freedom of speech and open and equal treatment before the law.
Britain still does not have a written constitution. And the laws have never been brought into a single document.
► Читайте также другие темы раздела «The political system of the UK / Политическая система Великобритании»:
Political System of Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. Britain does not have a written constitution. Parliament is the most important authority in Britain.
The monarch serves formally as head of state. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II (the second).
The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament. General elections are held every five years. Ail citizens aged 18 have the right to vote.
There are few political parties in Britain. The main ones are: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party.
Each political party puts up one candidate for each constituency. The one who wins the most votes is MP for that area.
The party which wins the most seats in Parliament forms the Government; its leader becomes the Prime Minister.
The functions of the House of Commons are legislation and scrutiny of government activities. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker.
The House of Lords is presided by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power. It’s in the House of Commons that new bills are introduced and debated.
Parliament is responsible for British national policy. Local governments are responsible for organizing of education, police and many others.
Политическая система Великобритании
Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии является конституционной монархией. В Британии нет написанной конституции. Парламент — главный государственный орган Британии.
Монарх формально является главой государства. В настоящее время правит королева Елизавета II.
Палата общин состоит из членов Парламента. Всеобщие выборы проходят каждые 5 лет. Все граждане, достигшее возраста 18 лет, имеют избирательные права.
В Британии существует мало политических партий. Основные это — консервативная партия и лейбористская партия.
Каждая политическая партия выдвигает одного кандидата от каждого избирательного округа. Тот, кто наберет большинство голосов, становится членом Парламента от этого округа.
Партия, которая получает большинство в Парламенте, формирует правительство; ее лидер становится премьер-министром.
Функции Палаты Общин — законотворчество и проверка деятельности правительства. Палату Общин возглавляет Спикер.
Председатель Палаты Лордов — Лорд-канцлер. У палаты Лордов нет фактической власти. Именно в Палате Общин представляются и обсуждаются новые законопроекты.
Парламент отвечает за британскую национальную политику. Муниципальные правительства отвечают за организацию образования, полиции и других.
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