Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅! ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ!
A solar car is a vehicle, powered by electricity instead of fuel, which runs on solar energy obtained from the solar panels on its surface. The solar panels are commonly found on the roof of the vehicle.
This type of vehicle is not entirely practical as of this moment, for obvious reasons. It needs to harness the power of the sun in order to run. Without sunlight, the vehicle runs on the reserve power which is stored in its batteries.
Photovoltaic cells convert the sun’s energy into electricity, which runs the vehicle. That’s why solar cars are limited by the energy input from the sun, their main source of energy. This type of vehicle is usually manufactured for participation in solar car races.
Just like a typical race car, a solar race car has just enough room for the driver, although there are some designs that include room for a navigator. It does have several features similar to a normal car, such as an accelerator, a brake, rear view mirrors on the camera, and ventilation. It would also have a radio which would be used by the driver, in order to communicate with his support crew.
The Electrical System
Probably the most important component of a solar car is its electrical system. The electrical system controls all the power that comes in and out of the car. It doesn’t have a gas tank, but its battery essentially functions as one. The battery stores energy produced by the PV cells. There’s a wide range of batteries to choose from, but the most common ones are lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride batteries (NiMH), lithium polymer batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Most solar cars have gauges which monitor the entire electrical system. Among the things that one keeps an eye on, are the battery voltage, and the current.
The mechanical design of a solar car prioritizes on keeping friction and weight to a minimum, while maintaining sufficient strength so that it doesn’t disintegrate. These vehicles are typically made out of titanium and similar composites, in order to get a good strength-to-weight ratio.
Commercially Available Hybrids
Hybrid cars using solar power are commercially available, in limited quantities. The Toyota Prius is said to be able to generate up to 240 watts of electric power from its solar cells. That results in a 15 km drive, on a sunny day.
One practical application for the solar car would be to use its technology for golf carts, which are lightweight, are mainly used during the dayFree Web Content, and are usually parked under the sun.
Our future will be bright when cars roam the streets using renewable energy such as solar power
1. What is a βsolar carβ? β It is a solar powered car.
2. What is the energy source used in solar cars? β It is the energy of the Sun.
Who drives them, and when? β Solar cars are driven by test drives almost exclusively in contests or research programmes.
4. What is a concept model? β It is a car made to demonstrate new styling and new technology.
5. What was the purpose of developing solar cars? β The purpose of developing solar cars is to show that cars could travel without petrol.
6. How different is a new concept model developed by Ford? β It is a model of a solar car for everyday use.
7. What is the advantage and disadvantage of solar cars? β The advantage is that they are ecologically friendly as they are free of exhaust fumes. The disadvantage is their speed: it is not as high as that of conventional petrol and diesel fuel cars.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΉΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° PROMT
PROMT.One (www.translate.ru) β Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (NMT) Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠΊΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π‘ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ cΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ PROMT Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π‘ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π‘ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ «ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ» Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ :
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ β Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊ 1943 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ, Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ° Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ β ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ: ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π½Ρ: ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π―Π·ΡΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄ (2 ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½) β Π ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ MythBusters ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρβ¦ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° (2 ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½) β Π ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ MythBusters ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π£Π±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡβ¦ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (2 ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½) β Π ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ MythBusters ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π£Π±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡβ¦ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΄ (2-ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½) β Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ-21 β ΠΠΠ 21 β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ β ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ . ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1β¦ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π° 21 β Β«ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°Β» ΠΠΠ 21 Β«ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°Β» ΠΠΠ 21 Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ β ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈβ¦ β¦ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
solar car
1 solar car
2 solar car
3 solar car
4 solar car
5 solar car
6 solar car
7 solar car
8 solar-powered car
9 solar-powered car
10 solar-powered car
11 ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ
12 ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ :
solar car β A lightweight electric vehicle powered by solar generators β¦ Dictionary of automotive terms
Solar car racing β refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car (solar cars). The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races inβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
The Solar Car Challenge β Solar Car Challenge Established 1993 Location United States Website www.solarcarchallenge/challenge [1] The Solar Car Challenge is an annual solar powered car race for high school students.The eve β¦ Wikipedia
List of solar car teams β Contents 1 Australia 2 Belgium 3 Brazil 4 Canada 5 Chile β¦ Wikipedia
Dell-Winston School Solar Car Challenge β Infobox University name = Dell Winston School Solar Car Challenge established = 1995 location = United States website = www.winstonsolar.org/challengeThe Dell Winston School Solar Car Challenge is an annual solar powered car race for high schoolβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
1993 «Maize & Blue» University of Michigan Solar Car β The 1993 Maize Blue solar car was built by the University of Michigan Solar Car Team during the period from 1990 to 1993. The car was raced in two races. The car won a national championship in Sunrayce 93, the predecessor race to the Northβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
Durham University Solar Car β Durham University is undertaking the development of a high performance solar powered car. The vehicle toured the UK in the summer of 2004[1], visiting secondary schools to promote science and engineering. It is also planned to compete in theβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
University of Michigan Solar Car Team β The University of Michigan Solar Car Team is a 501(c)(3) non profit organization at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. It is the most successful solar car team in North America, having won the North American Solar Challenge (NASC) six times β¦ Wikipedia
SunStang Solar Car Project β The SunStang Solar Car Project is a non profit, student run mega project at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) that participates in international solar races, most notably the World Solar Challenge and the North American Solar Challenge. The β¦ Wikipedia
Sunshark Solar Car Team β The Sunshark Solar Car Team was a solar car racing team at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia.The Sunshark team was made up of students from the University of Queensland. Through sponsorship the team was able to enter solar carβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
Stanford solar car project β The Stanford Solar Car Project is a student group at Stanford University which builds, tests, and races solar powered vehicles. A student run, donation funded organization, SSCP has been building and racing solar powered vehicles since 1986. Theβ¦ β¦ Wikipedia
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ 1 what is a «solar car»?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ 1 what is a «solar car»?
2 what is a energy source used in solar cars?
3 areally solar cars a common means of transport?
4 what is a cosept car?
5 what was the pUS pose of developing solar cars?
6 how different is a new cosept model developed by Ford?
7 what is the advantage and disadvantage of solar car?
1) is a machine that runs on the sun
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ.
Science is understanding what makes a clock tick and what 1makes a car purr, what makes the sun rise and what makes the moon look so large on the horizon sometimes during the year?
Science is understanding what makes a clock tick and what 1makes a car purr, what makes the sun rise and what makes the moon look so large on the horizon sometimes during the year.
ΠΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ?
ΠΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ.
What is opposite the museum?
What is opposite the concert hall?
What is between the cinema and the circus?
What is next to the theatre and opposite the cinema?
What is next to the gallery and opposite the concert hall?
The car is red?
ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ What colour.
; The boy is at school.
; The men is a doktor.
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ 1?
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ 1.
. he got a little car?
They gjt many cars?
You play with little cars?
He read books about cars?
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ 1?
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ 1.
. he got a little car?
They gjt many cars?
You play with little cars?
He read books about cars?
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ : 1?
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ : 1.
What University do you study at?
2. Why must we have better and variable designs of cars?
3. How long does the training course at the institute last?
4. What are the key subjects at the mechanical department?
5. Why must specialist be well trained?
6. Where do young specialist work after graduating from this institute?
7. What laboratories belong to the mechanical faculty?
8. What were they used for?
9. Who built the first short wooden railways?
Stephenson famous for?
11. When were the first electric locomotives introduced?
13. What innovation made G.
14. What were the first passenger cars similar to?
15. Why were the first passenger cars so uncomfortable?
16. What were the three serious disadvantages in all passenger cars?
17. What was the first great improvement in railroad car design?
18. What are maximum and medium speeds in Europe?
19. What can the passenger do during the journey?
20. What are two types of trains?
21. What is the function of a long distance train?
22. What is the function of a luggage and a mail cars?
23. What is the function of a dining car?
24. What is the function of a sleeping car?
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Solar thermal systems are commonly used on private homes as solar domestic hot water and in some countries very large solar thermal collector arrays are connected to district heating systems and large storages that provide partly seasonal storage.
For schools it is often argued that the buildings are not in use for the time of the year where the output of a thermal system is at its highest and that the hot water consumption is relatively small.
Ex. 4 Read the text and answer the following questions?
Ex. 4 Read the text and answer the following questions.
β ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.
1. What is a βsolar carβ?
β Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Β«ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΒ»?
2. What is the energy source used in solar cars?
βΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ?
3. Are solar cars a common means of transport?
Who drives them, and when?
β Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ?
ΠΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°?
4. What is a concept model?
β Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ?
5. What was the purpose of developing solar cars?
β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ?
6. How different is a new concept model developed by Ford?
β Π§Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ford?
7. What is the advantage and disadvantage of solar cars?
β Π ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎ.
DId you know that there are cars which do not need βtraditionalβ energy sources like petrol or diesel?
They are solar powered cars, using the energy of the Sun.
They are ecologically friendly as they are free of exhaust fumes, but their speed is not as high as that of conventional petrol and diesel fuel cars.
Solar powered cars have been developed and driven around the world for years, but almost exclusively in contests or research programmes β just to show that cars could travel without petrol.
In most cases, the cars have been small capsules designed to hold only the driver.
Today Ford has developed a concept model solar car for everyday use.
A concept vehicle or show vehicle is a car made to demonstrate new styling and new technology.
Concept cars are often radical in engine or design.
Others have a unique look, 3 or 5 (or more) wheels, or special abilities not usually found on cars.
Many concept cars never get past small models, or even drawings in computer design.
Concept cars never go into production directly.
However, many of the features and technologies we see in current vehicles were once shown for the first time in concept models years ago.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ°?
What planets in the solar system have people reached so far?
Sam is climbing on the tree Sam’s dogs are playing Lynn is layingon the grass Mrs Drake is entering the bakery Philip are siting on the chair Mike and Tom are standing near the bus station Felix is getting into the car Paul issitting in the car.
1. ΠΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡ. The conference is supposed to begin at 10 2. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. He is said to be a very experienced worker 3. ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ. He was made to leave the room 4. ΠΠ½ Ρ..
She (will win) this competition, I`m sure. My brother (is visiting) Moscow next week, his hotel is already reserved. Will look (fut simp) have seen (pres perf) is reading (pres cont) will have played (fut perf) spoke (past simp) will be looking (fu..
The guard wears a black woolen hat on his head. A scarlet tunic with a black collar and black trousers with a red stripe is worn. At the waist of the guard is a white belt, and on his feet are white shoes.
The guardian wears on his head a black woollen hat. Wearing a scarlet tunic with a black collar and black pants with a red stripe. On the waist guard the white belt and on his feet white boots.
3) When did you make your first record? 4) Where do you live? 5) What is your favourite city? 6) How often do you go there? 7) Where is your next perfomance? 8) Have you ever been to New York.